MAJOR CROPS IN INDIA

MAJOR CROPS

MAJOR CROPS IN INDIA ARE LISTED BELOW:

• Paddy
• Sugarcane
• Millets
• Pulses
• Oilseeds
• Coffee
• Cotton

 EXPLANATION: 

PADDY:

• Paddy is a wet crop. Paddy cultivation requires vast area, high temperatures, high rainfall and fertile soils.
• It is absolutely essential for water to be stagnating while the paddy crop begins to bear fruit.
• Similarly, until the crop is ripe enough for harvest, there should be moist soil and dry climate.
• In the hills, paddy is cultivated depending upon the rains.
• Kollihills of the Eastern Ghats is a good example of such and area.
• The eastern coastal palains are located in the east of the states of Tamil nadu, andhra Pradesh and Odhisa.
• Hence, these states are noteworthy in the production of paddy. In the paddy production of the Peninsular India.
• Paddy is cultivated in the eastern parts of the states of Tamil nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Odhisa in the eastern coastal Zone in India.

SUGARCANE:

•  Like paddy, sugarcane is also a wet crop. This is an yearly crop; it will be ready for harvest in 10 Months. 
• When growing the sugarcane requires high temperature. With increasing temperatures, the growth of sugarcane quickens.
• when the crop is growing, there is need for more water too. water is required at least for eight long months. 
• Sugarcane grows well in alluvial and black soils.

MILLETS, PULSES AND OILSEEDS:

• Millets, pulses and oilseeds are dry corps.
• Dry crops do not need much water. They are resistant to drought; they grow also in infertile soils.
• They are suitable for the climate prevalent in the Deccan Plateau. We have earlier learnt that the deccan plateau lies on the eastern slopes of the western ghats.
• Millets and oilseeds are cultivated in the state of karnataka occupying most of the peninsular plateau, the edges of the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka and the coastal areas of kerala.

COTTON:

• Cotton is the foremost fibre crop of the peninsular India. Cotton is a tropical crop. High temperatures, large water supply and northwester part of the conducive for the cultivation of cotton.
• The high temperatures prevalent in the plateau is also conducive to the cultivation of cotton.
• Black soil is found distributed widely in Maharashtra and the southern parts of Gujarat.
• Cotton cultivation is carried on in the states of Maharashtra, southern part of Gujarat,and the western and southern districts of Tamil Nadu.

COFFEE AND TEA:

• The most important cash crop of peninsular India is coffee. Moderate temperature, shadow and moderate rainfall are the requirements of coffee.
• Rainfall must be even. The falling rain should not stagnate at the roots of the crop. coffee plants grow very well on the hill slopes.
• In the peninsullar India, the western Ghats have conducive climate for the growth of coffee. The parts of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu where coffee is grown are in the Western Ghats area of the states.

Natural Vegetations

Natural Vegetation

 >>> In Our environment, there are flora and fauna of different kinds. Trees and plants such
as peepul, banyan, persian and neem trees and plants such creepers. They are not vegetation cultivated by somebody. They grow, on the contrary, naturally. They are indeed the natural vegetation of our villages. In all the lands uncultivated, there are such naturally growing trees and plants. We do not even prune them and protect them. They however grow in abundance and in accordance with the
climate, soils and  precipitation.

>>>The flora that grow in the natural environment without the intervention of human beings are known generally as the natural vegetation.

>>>Forests grow of natural vegetation, sunshine, rainfall and soils are the most fundamental of the resources. If there is some shortage or lack in any of these, then there is a corresponding effect on the growth of the vegetation or even a lack of it.

>>>At the foothills and lower slopes of the hills, there are high temperature and heavy rainfall. Hence, the natural vegetation grows luxuriously in these areas. Dense forests are thus found on the
northeastern parts of the mighty Himalayas and the western slopes of the western Ghats. from the
foothills to as high as 1,000 meters. Trees here are clothed by the creepers.There is short. Hence, we
call them the evergreen vegetation. Ebony, Deodar, Rosewood and karungali are the evergreen varieties of vegetation.

>>>On the slopes of the hills, especially between 1,000 and 2,500 meters, the rain water does not stagnate due to slope. As the height increases from the foothills, there is gradual decrease in the
temperatures as well.